History - English version - Santiago de Chile
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LOCAL GUIDE TO SANTIAGO DE CHILE
History
When the Spanish conquistador Pedro de Valdivia arrived in Chile and founded Santiago in 1542, which to this day remains as a capital city in the country there were people with different organizations and systems of life that suited to the climate and geography of their habitat. Following the line from north to south, these primitive people were gathered in the following groups:
Aymara: Bolivian people with an economy based on herding and agriculture.
Atacameños one of the most developed towns in the north, along the Diaguitas. Established especially in the Andean valleys located between Arica and San Pedro de Atacama.
Changes: nomadic fishermen who roamed the coast from Arica to Copiapo.
Diaguitas: cultivated the art of pottery and lived in valleys between Santiago and Copiapo.
Incas: despite the fact that the Inca empire was almost exclusively linked with Peru, the people had a strong presence in Chile since 1470, the year in which he extended his territory to the south of the river Maule, that expansion did significantly influence the development of indigenous peoples who inhabited these lands.
Mapuches (or Araucanian): These are great warriors, no doubt, the indigenous people who became more resistant to the arrival of the Spaniards in the Americas. Its inhabitants lived in the territory between the rivers and Itata Toltén. They were basically farmers and were divided into picunches, and Huilliche mapuches.
canoeists: nomadic fishermen and gatherers who moved through the islands of the archipelago of western Patagonia. Were divided into three groups: Chonos, and the Kaweskar YAMANA.
Patagones: nomadic hunters and gatherers, were installed in the pampa estepárica. Fell into the Aonikenk and Selk nam.
Polynesian : people who lived on Easter Island.
The Conquest (1536-1599)
In 1536, the Spanish conquistador Diego de Almagro went to the current capital of Chile, Santiago, to begin the conquest of Chile, but the difficult travel and the scarcity of gold made it back to Peru soon. Six years later, another Spanish, Pedro de Valdivia, began the final conquest found Santiago in 1542. During the early years, the Spanish divided the land to indigenous people organized and dedicated to bringing as many settlers as possible to consolidate its presence in this new territory. However, as we move towards the far south, the Spaniards encountered the Mapuche or Araucanian, a warrior people who opposed great resistance to Spanish domination. For a long time, Indian and Iberian disputed territory inch by inch in harsh battles. This situation came to an end in 1599, when the natives were able to destroy all foundations of southern Spain to Concepcion (now Eighth Region). The high tenacity and bravery of the Mapuche were the Spaniards meant great sacrifices and efforts to recover these territories. In fact, only able to restore its dominance in the region after 300 years of constant struggles and battles. This later became known as the War of Arauco.
The Cologne (1600-1810)
Due to the strong resistance of the Mapuche people, the Spaniards decided to settle mainly in the territory between what we now know as Copiapó (region III) and Concepción (Region VIII). They were devoted to farming activities and the exploitation of mineral deposits. The only established cities such as during the seventeenth century and half of the eighteenth century were Santiago, La Serena and Concepción. Later, with increasing population, new towns were founded as Copiapó, Rancagua, Curico and Talca. The settlement of more people in these spaces facilitated the achievement of significant progress in the areas of Education and Culture. Beyond the distance, language differences, the weather and lack of resources, the biggest problem that faced the Spaniards in Chile Mapuche resistance was the incessant, that fueled the 300 añ ; you the war of Arauco. During the period from Cologne, this conflict, which was driven by Hispanics medium, it became a real threat to the stability of the Spanish Crown in our country. Only in 1882 the Army managed to occupy permanently the territory controlled by the Araucanian.
Independence (1810-1823)
In the early nineteenth century, made the French Revolution and the Independence of the United States increased feelings of independence of many Americans. In the case of Chile, after the invasion of Napoleon Españay the fall of King Ferdinand VII in 1810, settled in Santiago Creole a National Government to lead on behalf of the Cologne monarch. This was regarded as a rebelióny started a fight between the Creoles and the Army sent from the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru. After numerous battles, in 1818 was proclaimed the national independence and was appointed Bernardo O Supreme Higgins as Director of the country.
Consolidation of the Republic (1823-1861)
After a long period of anarchy, was established over 30 years a republican regime, unitary, presidential and authoritarian. In this way, he finished with the leaders and maintain a certain political and social stability. There was also a commercial opening to the outside world and increased the exploitation of minerals, mainly copper and silver. In culture, influenced by European ideas of the culture of letters. In 1842 was founded the University of Chile in 1851 and was opened to rail Copiapó Caldera. At this time, it also promoted the arrival of German settlers in the southern region.
The Liberal Republic (1861-1891)
During this period, Chile was able to improve their economic situation due to the exploitation of important mineral deposits of silver, copper and saltpeter in northern Iraq. However, this economic boom has brought a number of problems with Peru and Bolivia, as these countries looked with great interest the economic attractiveness of the area
Polynesian
The Conquest (1536-1599)
In 1536, the Spanish conquistador Diego de Almagro went to the current capital of Chile, Santiago, to begin the conquest of Chile, but the difficult travel and the scarcity of gold made it back to Peru soon. Six years later, another Spanish, Pedro de Valdivia, began the final conquest found Santiago in 1542. During the early years, the Spanish divided the land to indigenous people organized and dedicated to bringing as many settlers as possible to consolidate its presence in this new territory. However, as we move towards the far south, the Spaniards encountered the Mapuche or Araucanian, a warrior people who opposed great resistance to Spanish domination. For a long time, Indian and Iberian disputed territory inch by inch in harsh battles. This situation came to an end in 1599, when the natives were able to destroy all foundations of southern Spain to Concepcion (now Eighth Region). The high tenacity and bravery of the Mapuche were the Spaniards meant great sacrifices and efforts to recover these territories. In fact, only able to restore its dominance in the region after 300 years of constant struggles and battles. This later became known as the War of Arauco.
The Cologne (1600-1810)
Due to the strong resistance of the Mapuche people, the Spaniards decided to settle mainly in the territory between what we now know as Copiapó (region III) and Concepción (Region VIII). They were devoted to farming activities and the exploitation of mineral deposits. The only established cities such as during the seventeenth century and half of the eighteenth century were Santiago, La Serena and Concepción. Later, with increasing population, new towns were founded as Copiapó, Rancagua, Curico and Talca. The settlement of more people in these spaces facilitated the achievement of significant progress in the areas of Education and Culture. Beyond the distance, language differences, the weather and lack of resources, the biggest problem that faced the Spaniards in Chile Mapuche resistance was the incessant, that fueled the 300 añ ; you the war of Arauco. During the period from Cologne, this conflict, which was driven by Hispanics medium, it became a real threat to the stability of the Spanish Crown in our country. Only in 1882 the Army managed to occupy permanently the territory controlled by the Araucanian.
Independence (1810-1823)
In the early nineteenth century, made the French Revolution and the Independence of the United States increased feelings of independence of many Americans. In the case of Chile, after the invasion of Napoleon Españay the fall of King Ferdinand VII in 1810, settled in Santiago Creole a National Government to lead on behalf of the Cologne monarch. This was regarded as a rebelióny started a fight between the Creoles and the Army sent from the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru. After numerous battles, in 1818 was proclaimed the national independence and was appointed Bernardo O Supreme Higgins as Director of the country.
Consolidation of the Republic (1823-1861)
After a long period of anarchy, was established over 30 years a republican regime, unitary, presidential and authoritarian. In this way, he finished with the leaders and maintain a certain political and social stability. There was also a commercial opening to the outside world and increased the exploitation of minerals, mainly copper and silver. In culture, influenced by European ideas of the culture of letters. In 1842 was founded the University of Chile in 1851 and was opened to rail Copiapó Caldera. At this time, it also promoted the arrival of German settlers in the southern region.
The Liberal Republic (1861-1891)
During this period, Chile was able to improve their economic situation due to the exploitation of important mineral deposits of silver, copper and saltpeter in northern Iraq. However, this economic boom has brought a number of problems with Peru and Bolivia, as these countries looked with great interest the economic attractiveness of the area
English version
